Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)
What is Psoriatic Arthritis? Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of both the skin (psoriasis) and the joints.
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Onset: Typically occurs between the 4th and 5th decades of life.
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Gender: Affects males and females equally.
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Genetics: Family history plays a significant role. About 50% of patients with spinal involvement test positive for the HLA-B27 gene.
Signs and Symptoms:
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Joint Involvement: Pain, swelling, redness, and warmth, primarily in the knees, ankles, and feet.
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Morning Stiffness: Typically lasts more than 30 minutes.
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Dactylitis: “Sausage-like” swelling of an entire finger or toe.
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Ocular Issues: Inflammation of the iris (Uveitis), causing pain and light sensitivity.
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Respiratory Issues: Inflammation around the lungs can cause chest pain during deep breaths.
Management and Treatment: The primary goal is to suppress inflammation and prevent joint deformity:
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DMARDs: Methotrexate is the most frequently prescribed. Others include Leflunomide and Sulfasalazine.
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Biologic Agents: Such as Etanercept, Adalimumab, and Infliximab. These target the root of the inflammation and improve both skin and joint symptoms.
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NSAIDs & Steroids: Used to manage daily pain and acute flare-ups. Steroids may be injected directly into the joint.
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Physical Therapy: Regular exercise helps maintain mobility. Applying ice after exercise can reduce post-workout inflammation.
